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Individual Notes

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Note for:   Elizabeth MANSELL,   29 Jan 1738 -          Index

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Christening:   
     Date:   28 Jan 1739
     Place:   Condover Shropshire

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Individual Notes

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Note for:   Samuel TURNER,   Chr. 27 Mar 1825 -          Index

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Christening:   
     Date:   27 Mar 1825
     Place:   Cheadle (Parish Church), Staffs

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Individual Notes

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Note for:   Joseph TURNER,   Chr. 17 Dec 1828 -          Index

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Christening:   
     Date:   17 Dec 1828
     Place:   Cheadle (Parish Church), Staffs

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Individual Notes

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Note for:   Ann TURNER,   Chr. 21 Nov 1830 -          Index

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Christening:   
     Date:   21 Nov 1830
     Place:   Cheadle (Parish Church), Staffs

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Individual Notes

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Note for:   James Edward PRITCHARD,   23 May 1849 - 28 Jan 1926         Index

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Occupation:   Puddler
     Date:   1900
     Place:   Shelton
     Note:   «b»The Puddling Process
«/b» In 1784 Henry Cort devised a method of producing wrought iron from cast iron«u» «/u»using a Coal fired Reverbatory Furnace. Solid Cast Iron was heated within an enclosed furnace.
A Reverberatory Furnace is a long low structure built out of fire bricks. The coal fire was at one end with the hearth between the fire and the chimney. The hearth was slightly dished with a roof that directed the smoke and flame from the fire well above the iron. By keeping the smoke and flame above the iron, no carbon from the fire came in contact with the iron.
Solid Pig (Cast) Iron was heated vigorously in the hearth until it was all molten. The fire was then damped down and the iron stirred so as to bring as much as possible in contact with the air. As wrought Iron has a higher melting point than Cast Iron, if the temperature in the furnace was correct the iron began to solidify as the carbon was removed. Eventually the Wrought Iron could be worked into a single lump of iron in the centre of the Hearth. Although in theory this was Wrought Iron it was not usable in this form because of the slag within the lump.
For the Wrought Iron to be made usable, it was lifted from the furnace and forged using a 'Shindling Hammer'. Finally it was rolled into bars or sheet. As most of the slag was squeezed out of the iron under the Shindling Hammer this could be a dangerous job, with each drop of the hammer white hot slag would be strayed out across the forge. As the workmen had to hold and move the iron during the forging, there was no option other than for them to dress in heavy protective clothing.
An improvement to Cort's puddling process came from Joseph Hall in 1816. Hall added mill scale (iron oxide formed and broken off during the forging and rolling) to the Cast Iron at the start of the Puddling process. Once the iron had melted, the carbon monoxide formed by the mill scale bubbled up through the iron giving the impression of boiling, thus the common name for this refinement 'Pig Boiling'.

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Residence:   
     Date:   1891
     Place:   Hanley, Stoke On Trent

Residence:    1871 Census
     Date:   1871
     Place:   Hick Street, Back Of Golden Cup, Hanley

Residence:   87 Brook Street
     Date:   Jan 1926
     Place:   Hanley, Staffs.

Census:   
     Date:   1871
     Place:   Hanley, Stoke On Trent

Census:   
     Date:   1881
     Place:   Shelton, Stoke On Trent

Census:   
     Date:   1891
     Place:   Shelton, Stoke On Trent

Census:   
     Date:   1901
     Place:   Etruria, 39 Lonsdale Street

Census:   Census
     Date:   1861
     Place:   Hall Street, West Bromwich

Event:   18561 Census CD
     Type:   Census 1851
     Date:   1851
     Place:   West Bromwich, Hall Street

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